NZS 4121:2001 Design for Access and Mobility

The standard the Building Act makes an acceptable solution for access, parking and sanitary facilities (s119): its requirements by its own sections, what the drawings show for each, and accessible car parks sized.

NZS 4121:2001
Building Act 2004
D1/AS1Second Edition Amendment 61 Jan 2017
F4/AS1Third Edition Amendment 21 Jan 2017
C/AS2Second Edition28 Jul 2025
F8/AS1Second Edition Amendment 41 Jan 2017
G1/AS1Second Edition Amendment 610 Oct 2011
G12/AS1Third Edition Amendment 142 Nov 2024
NZS 4512:2021
NZS 4223.3:2016

Car parks Level changes Accessible toilet Dimensions Requirements Show on drawings Terminology Reading Resources

Accessible car parks

How many accessible spaces Table 1 asks for, and one space or a pair as Section 5 and Figure 7 size them. The questions here are the Requirements face's own conditions: answering one here answers it there.

Our drawing of the figures above, to scale, not the standard's.

What the car park has

Car parking is providedSpaces set at 90° to the footpathAngled spacesVehicles with a rear-mounted hoistA parking buildingA space at a different level from its footpath

Car parks in allEvery space the car park has, accessible or not: the count Table 1 reads.

Accessible spaces drawn

One spaceTwo side by side, sharing a strip

What to carry to the drawing

Accessible spaces: 2; Table 1
A pair: 5900mm; Figure 7
Length: 6000–6300mm; 5.5.2

Accessible spaces
At least 2 for 40 car parks: up to 50, Table 1's second band.
5.4, Table 1
Width
At least 3500 mm (3.5 m) wide, for a space set at 90° to the footpath.
5.5.1.1
Angled spaces
An operational width of 3500 mm (3.5 m).
5.5.1.2
A pair
Two spaces can share one hatched strip at least 1100 mm (1.1 m) wide, each 3500 mm (3.5 m) measured across it: 5900 mm (5.9 m) for the two, as Figure 7 draws them.
Figure 7
Length
At least 5000 mm (5 m) long, and 1000–1300 mm (1–1.3 m) more for a rear hoist: 6000–6300 mm (6–6.3 m) in all.
5.5.2
Fall
Flat, falling no more than 1 in 50.
5.6
Headroom
At least 2500 mm (2.5 m) clear over the space and along the route to it; only the front 2160 mm (2.16 m) of the space may be lower.
5.5.3, Figure 8
Kerb ramp
A kerb ramp to 13.4 joins the space to the footpath: no steeper than 1 in 8, no longer than 1500 mm (1.5 m).
5.7.3, 13.4.3.1

Accessible toilet

One room set out against both acceptable solutions. NZS 4121 Section 10 and G1/AS1 4.2 describe the same accessible toilet and each names the other, so a design citing either has taken on both. Where the two ask for different things, this gives the value that satisfies the pair, and says so where none does.

The room as entered, with the compartment NZS 4121 asks for dashed over it. To scale.

Room, shorter sidemmRoom, longer sidemm

What is in the room

Toilet and basinToilet, basin and shower

The pan

Floor mountedWall hung

Drawn to

Both documentsNZS 4121 Section 10G1/AS1 4.2

Every dimension is the value that satisfies NZS 4121 and G1/AS1 together, and a row says so where no such value exists.

The figures to draw

Room: 1900 × 1600mm; 10.5.4
Pan centreline: 450mm; 10.5.6.1 (b)
Grab rail: 700mm; Figure 31

The room
1900 × 1600 mm (1.6 m) holds the compartment, which is at least 1900 × 1600 mm (1.6 m).
10.5.4, Figure 27
Turning
The shorter side is 1600 mm (1.6 m), so a 1500 mm (1.5 m) circle fits across the room. Whether it is clear of the pan and the basin is still for the layout to show.
10.5.2, C10.5.5
The pan
The front of the seat stands 700 to 750 mm off the back wall, its centreline 450 mm off the side wall, the seat top at 460 mm, and the front of the seat at least 300 mm clear of the basin.
10.5.6.1, 10.5.6.2, Figure 27
The flushing control
Between 600 and 1100 mm (1.1 m) above the floor. NZS 4121 draws a zone of 600 to 1100 mm (1.1 m) and G1/AS1 caps it at 1200 mm (1.2 m), and G1/AS1 also puts it on the centreline or the approach side, which NZS 4121 does not say.
10.5.6.4, Figure 32, G1/AS1 4.2.6
The grab rail beside the pan
At 700 mm above the floor, returning 230 mm past the front of the pan. NZS 4121 draws 150 to 250 mm and G1/AS1 draws 230 mm, so 230 mm is the one value that suits both.
10.5.9.1, Figure 31, G1/AS1 Figure 5
Soap, towel and paper
The bottom of each between 1000 and 1200 mm (1.2 m) above the floor, and none of them in the space a wheelchair turns in. NZS 4121 allows 900 to 1200 mm (1.2 m) and G1/AS1's note 1000 to 1200 mm (1.2 m), so G1/AS1 lifts the floor.
10.5.10.2 (b), G1/AS1 Figure 7 note
The basin
At least 675 mm clear underneath, which is NZS 4121's figure, and the rim between 800 and 850 mm, which is G1/AS1's. Each document fixes what the other leaves open, so a room meeting both takes one figure from each.
10.5.8.1 (b), Figure 30, G1/AS1 Figure 6

Dimensions by facility

Every figure the standard sets, grouped by the thing it is about rather than the section it is in, so one can be looked up while it is being drawn. Requirements is the other way in, and stays in the standard's own order: come here for a size, go there for what is asked. A figure marked advice is offered by the standard, not required.

Car parks · 28 figures

20 parksTable 1: Car parks up to which one accessible space is enough
50 parksTable 1: Car parks up to which two accessible spaces are enough
50 parksTable 1: Car parks for each accessible space after that
3500 mm (3.5 m)5.5.1.1: Width of an accessible car park at 90°
1 spacesTable 1: Accessible spaces for the first band of car parks
2 spacesTable 1: Accessible spaces for the second band
1 spacesTable 1: Accessible spaces added for each further band, or part of one
90 degrees5.5.1.1: Angle to the footpath of the spaces 5.5.1.1 sizes
3500 mm (3.5 m)5.5.1.2: Operational width of an angled accessible space
5000 mm (5 m)5.5.2: Length of an accessible space
1000 mm (1 m)5.5.2: Least extra length for a vehicle with a rear-mounted hoist
1300 mm (1.3 m)5.5.2: Most extra length the clause names for a rear-mounted hoist
2500 mm (2.5 m)5.5.3: Headroom in a parking building, along accessible routes and over accessible spaces
2160 mm (2.16 m)5.5.3: Distance from the front of the space that the clause's words tie the headroom to
1 in 505.6: Steepest fall across an accessible space
1000 mm (1 m)5.10: Distance from the kerb within which a directory board is raked
6 degrees5.10: Least rake of a directory board near the kerb
1750 mm (1.75 m)5.10: Highest top of a directory board near the kerb
5000 mm (5 m)Figure 7: Length of an accessible space as the double space is drawn
3500 mm (3.5 m)Figure 7: Width of each space of a double space, each measured across the strip the two share
1100 mm (1.1 m)Figure 7, minimum: Width of the hatched no-parking strip two accessible spaces share
3500 mm (3.5 m)Figure 7: Width of a single accessible space
1500 mm (1.5 m)Figure 7: Diameter of the wheelchair turning circle drawn beside a single space, where it meets the kerb ramp
2160 mm (2.16 m)Figure 8, maximum: Depth at the front of the space in which the headroom may be lower, used for ducting or the like
2500 mm (2.5 m)Figure 8, minimum: Headroom kept from the car park's entry over the space
1000 mm (1 m)Figure 9, minimum: Lowest operating point of a kerbside machine, above the road surface
1100 mm (1.1 m)Figure 9, maximum: Highest operating point of a kerbside machine, above the road surface
200 mmFigure 9, maximum: Furthest the machine's face stands back from the kerb face

Outdoor areas and kerb ramps · 9 figures

1520 mm (1.52 m)1.5.1 KERB RAMP: Longest kerb ramp, as the definition sets it
1500 mm (1.5 m)13.4.3.1 (b): Longest kerb ramp, as the design clause sets it
1 in 813.4.3.1 (a): Steepest kerb ramp
1 in 81.5.1 KERB RAMP: Steepest kerb ramp, as the definition sets it
2000 mm (2 m)13.2.2: Clearance under hanging signs, lights and awnings
1 in 2013.4.3.1 (f): Steepest cross fall on the road or footpath leading to a kerb ramp
800 mm13.4.3.1 (g): Clear space at the top of a kerb ramp
1000 mm (1 m)13.4.3.1 (h): Narrowest kerb ramp
1500 mm (1.5 m)C13.4.3.1 (h), advice: Kerb ramp width the commentary recommends

The accessible route · 7 figures

1200 mm (1.2 m)4.5.3: Clear width of an accessible route
2100 mm (2.1 m)4.5.2: Headroom on an accessible route of any length
2000 mm (2 m)4.5.2: Headroom on a landing, stair or corridor under 2 m long
2000 mm (2 m)1.5.1 CIRCULATION SPACE: Clear height a circulation space keeps, unless a clause sets another
0.4 coefficient1.5.1 SLIP RESISTANT: Coefficient of friction a level slip-resistant surface reaches
0.0125 per cent of slope1.5.1 SLIP RESISTANT: What the coefficient rises by for each per cent of slope
2000 mm (2 m)4.5.2: Length under which a landing, stairway or corridor needs only the lower headroom

Footpaths, ramps and landings · 54 figures

1 in 506.1 (b): Steepest cross fall on a footpath or ramp
1 in 336.2.2: Footpath slope from which rest areas are needed
1 in 206.2.2: Footpath slope beyond which it is a ramp
18 m6.2.2: Greatest distance between rest areas on a sloping footpath
1200 mm (1.2 m)6.2.2: Length of a footpath rest area
1 in 126.4.2.2: Steepest ramp
1 in 14C6.4.2.2, advice: Ramp slope the standard recommends where it can be done
1200 mm (1.2 m)6.4.2.4: Clear width of a ramp
75 mm6.4.2.5.1: Upstand on the open side of a ramp
840 mm6.4.2.6: Lowest ramp handrail
900 mm6.4.2.6: Highest ramp handrail
9000 mm (9 m)6.5.1: Greatest horizontal run of ramp between landings
1200 mm (1.2 m)6.5.2: Smallest dimension of a ramp landing
1 in 86.6.2: Steepest step ramp
1520 mm (1.52 m)6.6.2: Longest step ramp
1 in 501.5.1 LANDING: Steepest gradient a landing may have
1 in 201.5.1 RAMP: Gradient beyond which a route is a ramp
1 in 121.5.1 RAMP: Steepest a ramp may be, as the definition sets it
1 in 141.5.1 RAMP, advice: Ramp gradient the definition prefers
1520 mm (1.52 m)1.5.1 STEP RAMP: Longest step ramp, as the definition sets it
1 in 81.5.1 STEP RAMP: Steepest step ramp, as the definition sets it
1 in 201.5.1 WALKWAY: Steepest gradient of a walkway
1200 mm (1.2 m)6.1 (a): Clear width of a footpath or ramp on an accessible route, at kerb level
1 m6.1 (e): Fall from a footpath, ramp or landing at which a barrier is needed
900 mm6.1 (e): Barrier height above a ramp, as 6.1 (e) restates F4/AS1
1000 mm (1 m)6.1 (e): Barrier height above a footpath or landing, as 6.1 (e) restates F4/AS1
1000 mm (1 m)C6.4.2.6, advice: Fall the commentary gives for a barrier beside a ramp
900 mmC6.4.2.6, advice: Barrier height the commentary gives beside a ramp
900 mmC6.5.3, advice: Barrier height the commentary gives beside a landing
1 in 106.3.2: Steepest accessible moving walkway
1 in 14C6.3.2, advice: Moving walkway slope the commentary recommends
0.75 m/s6.3.3: Fastest rated speed of a moving walkway
900 mm6.3.4: Narrowest moving walkway tread
1200 mm (1.2 m)6.3.4: Widest moving walkway tread
1200 mm (1.2 m)6.3.6: How far a moving walkway runs into its landings
300 mm6.3.6: How much further its handrails run
75 mm6.4.2.5.2: Highest the underside of a ramp's edge rail may be
840 mm6.5.3: Lowest handrail on an open side of a ramp landing
900 mm6.5.3: Highest handrail on an open side of a ramp landing
1500 mm (1.5 m)C6.5.2, advice: Landing length the commentary recommends
1200 mm (1.2 m)Figure 13: Clear area drawn at the foot of a ramp
300 mmFigure 13: Handrail projection drawn past the foot of a ramp
75 mmFigure 13, minimum: Kerb drawn along the open edge of a ramp landing
100 mmFigure 13, minimum: Clear space drawn above a ramp handrail
100 mmFigure 14, minimum: Space drawn between the landing's end and a door opening towards the ramp, before its swing
1200 mm (1.2 m)Figure 14, minimum: Clear space drawn beyond the swing of a door opening towards the ramp
2100 mm (2.1 m)Figure 14, minimum: Landing length drawn in front of a door in the landing's end, opening towards the ramp
2000 mm (2 m)Figure 14, minimum: Landing length drawn past a door in the landing's side, opening towards the ramp
1500 mm (1.5 m)Figure 15: Landing length drawn in front of a door opening away from the ramp
1200 mm (1.2 m)Figure 15, minimum: Landing width drawn in front of a door opening away from the ramp
170 degreesFigure 16, minimum: Angle drawn between a step ramp and the lower surface it leaves
1520 mm (1.52 m)Figure 16, maximum: Step ramp length as drawn
1200 mm (1.2 m)Figure 16, minimum: Level surface drawn at the top of a step ramp
190 mmFigure 16, maximum: Step ramp rise as drawn

Entrances, corridors and doors · 30 figures

20 mm7.1.4.1: Threshold step that needs no ramp
1 in 87.1.4.2: Steepest threshold ramp
450 mm7.1.4.2: Longest threshold ramp
1200 mm (1.2 m)7.2.1: Corridor width on an accessible route
760 mm7.3.1: Clear opening of a door
300 mm7.3.3: Wall beside the handle where a door opens back into the space
38 N7.3.5 (a): Most force to open an exterior hinged door
22 N7.3.5 (b): Most force to open an interior hinged door
22 N7.3.5 (c): Most force to open a sliding or folding door
900 mm7.3.7 (a): Lowest door handle
1200 mm (1.2 m)7.3.7 (a): Highest door handle
1200 mm (1.2 m)7.1.3 (a): One side of the level space inside and outside the main entrance door
1200 mm (1.2 m)7.1.3 (a): The level space's other side
5 s7.1.3 (c): Least time an automatic door stays open
300 mm7.1.5.2: Width of the panel between a side door and a return wall
1200 mm (1.2 m)7.2.2: Length between two doorways across a corridor or lobby, before any inward-opening leaf
760 mm7.3.1.1: Clear opening one leaf of a double door gives
1200 mm (1.2 m)7.3.4.1: Circulation width at which 7.3.4.1's doorway rule applies
760 mm7.3.4.1: Clear width of a doorway in a corridor wall
600 mm7.3.4.2: Depth past which a recessed doorway counts as one across a corridor
1000 mm (1 m)7.3.7 (a), advice: Handle height the clause calls optimum
810 mmC7.3.1, advice: Leaf that gives the clear opening on a side-hung door opening 90°
860 mmC7.3.1, advice: Leaf needed where pivots or hardware narrow the opening
810 mmC7.3.1, advice: Clear opening the commentary recommends
45 mmFigure 20, minimum: Space drawn between a sliding door's pull handle and the jamb, in the arrangement the figure prefers
120 mmFigure 20, minimum: How far a sliding door is drawn standing clear of its jamb when open, in the arrangement the figure prefers
500 mmFigure 21, minimum: Height drawn to the bottom of a door's vision panel, labelled a minimum
1800 mm (1.8 m)Figure 21, minimum: Height drawn to the top of a door's vision panel
150 mmFigure 21, minimum: Width of a door's vision panel
200 mmFigure 21, maximum: Distance drawn from a vision panel to the door's closing edge

Stairs · 24 figures

2500 mm (2.5 m)8.3.2: Most rise in one flight
900 mm8.4.1: Width between stair handrails
180 mm8.4.2 (b): Highest riser
310 mm8.4.2 (b): Shallowest tread
25 mm8.4.3: Most a nosing may project
1200 mm (1.2 m)8.3.6.1: Length of a stair landing, mid-flight ones included
900 mm8.6.4.3: Lowest stair handrail
1000 mm (1 m)8.6.4.3: Highest stair handrail
300 mm8.6.5.1: Handrail extension at the top of a flight
300 mm8.6.5.1: Handrail extension at the bottom of a flight, before adding one going
300 mm8.3.3: Least distance from the top nosing to a wall return
300 mm8.3.3: Least distance from the bottom riser to a wall return, before adding a tread
400 mm8.3.5: Clear width a door leaf leaves beside the head or the foot of a flight
5 mm8.4.2 (a), advice: Riser variation the clause says makes a stair less safe
100 mm8.6.2.3: How far a handrail's end turns down
50 mm8.6.4.2: Least clear space between a handrail and the wall
60 mm8.6.4.2: Most clear space between a handrail and the wall
100 mm8.6.4.2: Clear space above a handrail
110 kg8.6.6: Weight a handrail supports, as 8.6.6 gives it
150 mmFigure 23: Distance drawn from a handrail's end to its domed button
400 mmFigure 24, minimum: Clear space drawn between the leading edge of a door and the stair
25 mmFigure 25, maximum: Nosing projection as drawn
310 mmFigure 25, minimum: Tread as drawn
180 mmFigure 25, maximum: Riser as drawn

Lifts · 7 figures

4 storeys9.1.3.1 (a): Storeys at which a lift is needed whatever the floor area
250 people9.1.3.1 (c)(ii): Size of an upper-floor place of assembly that needs a lift
400 m²9.1.3.2 (a): Upper floor area below which a two-storey building needs no lift
500 m²9.1.3.2 (b): Upper floors' area below which a three-storey building needs no lift
1400 mm (1.4 m)9.2.2.1: Inside of a lift car, each way
900 mm9.2.3 (b): Clear opening of a lift door
1800 mm (1.8 m)9.2.1: Clear depth in front of a lift

Toilets and showers · 50 figures

1900 mm (1.9 m)10.5.4: Longer side of an accessible toilet compartment
1600 mm (1.6 m)10.5.4: Shorter side of an accessible toilet compartment
700 mm10.5.6.1 (a): Nearest the toilet seat front sits to the back wall
750 mm10.5.6.1 (a): Furthest the toilet seat front sits from the back wall
450 mm10.5.6.1 (b): Toilet seat centreline off the side wall, stated exactly
300 mm10.5.6.1 (e): Least clear space between the seat front and the basin
10 degrees10.5.6.1 (f): Least the lid leans past vertical as a backrest
15 degrees10.5.6.1 (f): Most the lid leans past vertical as a backrest
460 mm10.5.6.2: Height of the toilet seat, stated exactly
760 mm10.5.7: Width of the clear space in front of an accessible urinal
1200 mm (1.2 m)10.5.7: Depth of the clear space in front of an accessible urinal
400 mm10.5.8.1: Deepest a standard washbasin may be
400 mm10.5.8.1 (a): Least the basin centreline sits off a return wall
675 mm10.5.8.1 (b): Least clear height under a washbasin
760 mm10.5.8.1 (e): Width of the clear space in front of a washbasin
1200 mm (1.2 m)10.5.8.1 (e): Depth of the clear space in front of a washbasin
300 mm10.5.8.1 (f): Least the basin edge sits from the front of the pan
55 °C10.5.8.2 (b): Hottest water at a washbasin outlet
50 mm10.5.8.2 (c): Least clearance around a washbasin control
60 mm10.5.8.2 (c): Most clearance around a washbasin control
900 mm10.5.10.2 (b): Lowest a dispenser or hand dryer is fixed
1200 mm (1.2 m)10.5.10.2 (b): Highest a dispenser or hand dryer is fixed
1000 mm (1 m)10.5.10.2 (c): Highest the bottom edge of a mirror sits
1800 mm (1.8 m)10.5.11.2: Height below which a shower partition must take a falling body and carry rails
1 in 5010.5.11.3 (b): Shallowest fall on a wet area shower floor
1000 mm (1 m)10.5.11.4 (c): Lowest a showerhead can be fixed on its rail
1900 mm (1.9 m)10.5.11.4 (c): Highest a showerhead can be fixed on its rail
800 mm10.5.11.4 (f): Width of the shower seat
450 mm10.5.11.4 (f): Depth of the shower seat
450 mm10.5.11.4 (f): Lowest the shower seat is fixed
550 mm10.5.11.4 (f): Highest the shower seat is fixed
55 °C10.5.11.4 (e): Hottest water at a shower outlet
1200 mm (1.2 m)10.5.11.4 (g): Lowest a clothes hook is fixed in a drying space
1350 mm (1.35 m)10.5.11.4 (g): Highest a clothes hook is fixed in a drying space
1500 mm (1.5 m)C10.5.5, advice: Turning circle the commentary asks for beyond an inward-opening toilet door
300 peopleC10.4, advice: Occupancy below which the commentary calls one all-gender unit enough
1000 mm (1 m)Figure 29: Height of the false wall a wall-hung pan is fixed to, which gives the back support
400 mmFigure 29, maximum: Greatest width of that false wall, drawn as less than the figure
700 mmFigure 31: Height of the L-shaped grab rail beside the pan, above the floor
750 mmFigure 31: Length of each leg of that grab rail
150 mmFigure 31, minimum: Nearest the rail's return is drawn ahead of the front of the pan
250 mmFigure 31, maximum: Furthest the rail's return is drawn ahead of the front of the pan
600 mmFigure 32, minimum: Lowest the zone for the flushing control is drawn on the wall behind the pan
1100 mm (1.1 m)Figure 32, maximum: Highest that zone is drawn
1000 mm (1 m)Figure 33: Width of the shower drawn for a single accessible unit
1200 mm (1.2 m)Figure 33, minimum: Depth of that shower
1800 mm (1.8 m)Figure 33: Each side of the drying space drawn beside that shower
2100 mm (2.1 m)Figure 35: Longer side of the room drawn where a toilet, basin and shower are combined
1900 mm (1.9 m)Figure 35: Shorter side of that room
540 mmFigure 35, maximum: Highest the shower seat is drawn in the combined room, where 10.5.11.4 (f) states another figure

Assembly seating · 4 figures

250 people12.2.1.1 (a): Audience up to which two wheelchair spaces are enough
250 people12.2.1.1 (b): Audience for each wheelchair space after that
2 spaces12.2.1.1 (a): Wheelchair spaces for an audience up to the first band
250 people1.5.1 PLACES OF ASSEMBLY: People from which a building or part is a place of assembly

Accessible accommodation · 23 figures

10 unitsTable 2: Accommodation units up to which one accessible unit is enough
25 unitsTable 2: Accommodation units up to which two accessible units are enough
25 unitsTable 2: Accommodation units for each accessible unit after that
1 unitsTable 2: Accessible units for the first band of accommodation units
2 unitsTable 2: Accessible units for the second band of accommodation units
1 unitsTable 2: Accessible units added for each further band of accommodation units
1500 mm (1.5 m)14.7.4: Side of the square of clear floor an accessible kitchen or laundry keeps
1500 mm (1.5 m)14.7.4: Clear space in front of a front-loading washing machine or drier
775 mm14.7.4.2 (h): Highest the top of an accessible work surface sits
675 mm14.7.4.2 (h): Least clear height under an accessible work surface
900 mm14.7.4.2 (i): Least width of the open space under one work surface, for a front approach
150 mm14.7.4.3: Deepest an accessible sink bowl may be
250 mm14.7.4.9: Lowest a toe recess along a bench front may be
300 mm14.7.4.9: Highest a toe recess along a bench front may be
1350 mm (1.35 m)14.7.4.8 (c): Highest a clothes-hanging rod or hook sits for a wheelchair user
3600 mm (3.6 m)Figure 53, minimum: Side of the square sitting area of an accessible accommodation unit
12.96 m2Figure 53, minimum: Floor area of that sitting area
3.6 m2Figure 53: Play or work area added to that sitting area
3000 mm (3 m)Figure 53, minimum: Side of the square dining area of an accessible accommodation unit
9 m2Figure 53, minimum: Floor area of that dining area
1500 mm (1.5 m)Figure 53, minimum: Diameter of the turning circle drawn in the dining area
900 mmFigure 54, minimum: Clear space drawn beside the double bed of an accessible accommodation unit's bedroom
900 mmFigure 54, minimum: Clear space drawn at the foot of that bed

Signs · 2 figures

1400 mm (1.4 m)4.8.2.3: Lowest a sign plate's lower edge may be
1700 mm (1.7 m)4.8.2.3: Highest a sign plate's lower edge may be

Switches, sockets and card readers · 16 figures

900 mm4.11.3: Lowest window control
1200 mm (1.2 m)4.11.3: Highest window control
1000 mm (1 m)C4.11.3, advice: Window control height the commentary recommends
900 mm4.11.4 (a): Lowest light switch
1200 mm (1.2 m)4.11.4 (a): Highest light switch
500 mm4.11.4 (c): Lowest socket outlet
1200 mm (1.2 m)4.11.4 (c): Highest socket outlet
500 mm4.11.4 (c): Least distance of a socket from a corner
500 mm4.11.4 (c): Greatest distance of a socket, across, from the front of a bench or fixed unit
20 mmC4.11.4, advice: Width of a switch's push pad the commentary recommends
1200 mm (1.2 m)4.11.5 (a): Side of the level space beside an electronic access unit
1200 mm (1.2 m)4.11.5 (a): The level space's other side
900 mm4.11.5 (b): Lowest electronic access unit
1200 mm (1.2 m)4.11.5 (b): Highest electronic access unit
1000 mm (1 m)4.11.5 (b), advice: Height the clause calls optimum for an electronic access unit
500 mm4.11.5 (c): Least distance of an electronic access unit from an internal corner

Handrails and grab rails · 22 figures

32 mmF3.1.2: Smallest outside dimension of a handrail
45 mmF3.1.2: Largest outside dimension of a handrail
150 mmF3.1.4: Distance of the end-of-rail button from the rail's end
50 mmF4.1: Least clear space between a handrail and the wall, along its length
60 mmF4.1: Most clear space between a handrail and the wall, along its length
300 mmF4.2.1: How far a handrail runs past the start and finish of a stair or ramp
30 mmF5.1: Smallest grab rail diameter
40 mmF5.1: Largest grab rail diameter
50 mmF6.1: Least clear space between a grab rail and the wall
1100 NF7: Force a handrail or grab rail and its fixings sustain
110 kgF7: The same force as a mass, as F7 gives it
2 minF7: How long the test force is held
5 mmF7: Most deformation under the test force
1 mmF7: Most permanent deformation once the force is removed
40 mmFigure F1, minimum: Narrowest the figure's acceptable handrail that is not round is drawn
50 mmFigure F1, maximum: Widest the figure's acceptable handrail that is not round is drawn
90 mmFigure F1, minimum: Clear space drawn below the top of a round handrail, to its bracket
30 mmFigure F2, minimum: Smallest grab rail as drawn
40 mmFigure F2, maximum: Largest grab rail as drawn
50 mmFigure F2, minimum: Least space drawn between a grab rail and the wall
60 mmFigure F2, maximum: Most space drawn between a grab rail and the wall
30 mmFigure F2: Space drawn between a lift support rail and the wall

Scope and definitions · 2 figures

20 %2.2.2: Share of the population with some disabling condition at any one time
10 people3.3.1 (c): Employees above which a factory must follow the standard

NZS 4121 requirements

Every requirement NZS 4121 states, by its own sections, numbered so one can be pasted onto a sheet as it stands. Where the standard states a condition, it can be answered N/A, and the answer prints. Section 9 and Sections 11 to 14, and Appendices C and E, are still to come, a section at a time.

Design for access and mobility

Alteration solutions Appendix C's solutions for existing buildings are never used in new building work.
3.1.2
Approachability, accessibility and usability The whole design, driveways, accessways, the passages between buildings and the landscaping included, applies the three principles, so that people with disabilities, visitors and staff alike, can get there, get in and do what they came to do.
3.2.1, Figure 1
Transport terminals Accessible routes reach every part of the terminal, on floors above and below ground, including its cash machines, ticketing, baggage delivery, food and drink, shops, banks and post offices.
3.3.1(a)
Educational institutions The teaching, social, recreation and administration buildings that students and staff use are joined by an accessible route.
3.3.1(b)(i)
Specialist rooms Libraries, laboratories, resource rooms and other specialist rooms are on an accessible route; where a kind of room is repeated, at least one of it is.
3.3.1(b)(ii)
Showers Accessible showers number at least one per gender, or one serving all genders, to 10.5.11.
3.3.1(b)(iii), 10.5.11
Left and right Where two or more of a facility are provided, their fixtures and fittings come in left- and right-handed arrangements wherever that can be done.
3.3.2

Accessible routes

The route itself, then what may interrupt it, the signs along it, what can be seen, the controls on it and the fire alarm.

Accessible route An accessible route, continuous and usable without help by someone in a wheelchair, with a walking aid or with a guide dog, runs from the street boundary and from the car park to every room and space people with disabilities need to reach to visit and work there.
1.5.1, 4.2.1
Step-free For people who cannot walk, the route has no step, stair, turnstile, revolving door, escalator or anything else that stops it being used safely.
4.2.3
What the route allows People with disabilities can reach the accessible main entrance along a footpath on the route, enter over a level threshold or up a suitable incline or ramp, move freely inside and use what is there, and work any electronic access.
4.3(b), 4.3(c), 4.3(d), 4.3(e)
Parking on the route They can park in accessible car parks.
4.3(a)
Kerb ramps Kerb ramps are provided, designed to 13.4.
4.4, 13.4
Kept clear The route keeps its headroom and width, free of hazards and obstructions, at all times.
4.5.1
Headroom At least 2100 mm (2.1 m) clear overhead, or 2000 mm (2 m) over a landing, stairway or corridor shorter than 2000 mm (2 m).
4.5.2, Figure 2
Clear width The route is marked as a clear route and kept at least 1200 mm (1.2 m) wide.
4.5.3
Turnstiles and trolley traps Where the route into the building passes through them, a person with a mobility aid or a guide dog can pass without hindrance.
4.5.4.1
Way out The escape route is clearly marked at each turnstile or trolley trap, so nobody with a disability tries to leave that way in an emergency.
4.5.4.2
Surfaces Ground, floors, ramps and stair treads are stable, firm and slip resistant in all normal conditions.
4.6
Slip resistance Routes, ramps and stairs meet D1/AS1's slip resistance requirements.
4.6.1, D1/AS1 2.1
Direction indicators Direction indicators are installed on the route as the standard sets them out.
4.7
Signs Every building and support facility designed to the standard has signs inside and outside, and keeps them up.
4.8.1
What signs identify Signs identify the accessible entrances, the services in the building, the accessible routes through it, the accessible stairs or lifts, and the accessible toilets.
4.8.2.1(b), 4.8.2.1(c), 4.8.2.1(d), 4.8.2.1(e), 4.8.2.1(f)
Signs at the parking Signs identify the accessible car parks.
4.8.2.1(a)
Signs to listening systems Signs identify the rooms with listening systems.
4.8.2.1(g)
Sign layout A sign shows the direction and the name or symbol of the accessible facility, and carries the access symbol, set out as Figure 3 shows.
4.8.2.2, Figure 3
Sign height Signs are placed consistently, fixed to a wall with the lower edge of the plate 1400–1700 mm (1.4–1.7 m) above the floor.
4.8.2.3
Lettering Lettering is clear and legible in size, type and layout, and lettering and symbols contrast clearly with the background.
4.8.2.4, 4.8.2.5
Access symbol The access symbol keeps Appendix E's proportions.
4.8.3, Appendix E
Using what sight there is The visual environment makes the most of whatever sight a person has.
4.10.1
Where colour changes Changes of colour or texture fall at corners, at breaks in plane, where a tread meets a riser, or where a ramp meets a level surface.
4.10.2
Lighting Lighting is no lower than NZS 6703's Appendix B recommends, and picks out doors, signs, counters, the tops, bottoms and treads of stairs, and other artificially lit areas.
4.10.3, NZS 6703 Appendix B
Doors that can be found Lightness contrasts: door furniture against the door, the frame against the wall or the door against the wall, and the door against the floor.
4.10.4.1
Treads and risers Every step of a flight contrasts clearly between tread and riser.
4.10.5.1, Figure 6
Top and bottom of stairs The top and bottom of stairs are marked by visual contrast, backed by tactile and audible warning cues.
4.10.5.2
Services that can be seen Handrails, lifts, switches, sockets and other services contrast visually with what is behind them.
4.10.6
Doors Doors can be opened with one hand.
4.11.2
Window controls Window locks and opening controls are 900–1200 mm (0.9–1.2 m) above the floor, and handles that work locks and latches are levers with the end turned back towards the window.
4.11.3
Light switches Light switches line up across with the door handles, 900–1200 mm (0.9–1.2 m) above the floor, and their rockers, pads or buttons stand clear of the plate.
4.11.4(a), 4.11.4(b)
Socket outlets Socket outlets are 500–1200 mm (0.5–1.2 m) above the floor, at least 500 mm from a corner, and within 500 mm, measured across, of the front of a bench or other fixed unit.
4.11.4(c)
Card readers and door buttons Each has a level, stable, firm, slip-resistant space 1200 mm (1.2 m) square right beside it; sits 900–1200 mm (0.9–1.2 m) above the floor, at least 500 mm from an internal corner and beside the door it controls; and keeps the door released long enough for it to be opened.
4.11.5
Fire alarms The fire alarm system has a visual alerting device as well as an audible one, both to NZS 4512.
4.12, 4.13, NZS 4512

Car parks

Everything here follows car parking being provided, except the street's three: an entrance hidden from view, kerbside machines and directory boards.

How many At least 1 accessible space for up to 20 car parks, 2 for up to 50, and 1 more for each further 50 or part of 50.
5.1, 5.4, Table 1
Near the entrance Accessible spaces are on the accessible route, as close as they can be to the accessible entrance or an accessible lift.
5.2.1
Council parking The accessible spaces are near the site and joined to it by an accessible route.
5.2.2
Sign and marking Each accessible space has a sign with the access symbol, seen from a vehicle at the car park entrance or reached by guide signs, and the symbol marked on the ground.
5.3.1, 4.8
Signs to the entrance Direction signs lead to the accessible main entrance, beside any other signs the building needs.
5.3.2
Width A space set at 90° to the footpath is at least 3500 mm (3.5 m) wide.
5.5.1.1, Figure 7
Angled spaces An angled space has an operational width of 3500 mm (3.5 m).
5.5.1.2
Length A space is at least 5000 mm (5 m) long.
5.5.2
Rear hoists A space for a vehicle with a rear-mounted hoist is 1000–1300 mm (1–1.3 m) longer again.
5.5.2, AS/NZS 3856.1
Headroom At least 2500 mm (2.5 m) clear overhead along the accessible routes and over the accessible spaces, from the entry to each space to within 2160 mm (2.16 m) of its front.
5.5.3, Figure 8
Surface Each accessible space is stable, firm, slip resistant and flat, falling no more than 1 in 50.
5.6
Route from the parking An accessible route leads from the car parking.
5.7.1
Not behind cars Nobody has to pass behind parked cars to reach the accessible route or an entrance.
5.7.2
Space to footpath The space meets its footpath at the same level wherever possible.
5.7.3
Kerb ramp A kerb ramp, to 13.4, joins the space to the footpath.
5.7.3, 13.4
Where paths meet Where footpaths meet other footpaths, ramps, driveways or parking, level and cross fall change smoothly, never abruptly.
5.7.4, 6.6
Cover Accessible routes, drop-off points and car parks are covered wherever that is practicable.
5.8
Kerbside machines Post boxes, ticket machines and other kerbside machines for drivers are operated 1000–1100 mm (1–1.1 m) above the road and set no more than 200 mm back from the kerb face, as Figure 9 shows.
5.9, Figure 9
Directory boards A directory board less than 1000 mm (1 m) from the kerb leans back at least 6° from vertical and stands no higher than 1750 mm (1.75 m).
5.10

Footpaths, ramps and landings

Paths first, then a moving walkway, then the ramp: its gradient, edges, handrails and landings, and the doors that open off them.

Clear width Footpaths and ramps on an accessible route are at least 1200 mm (1.2 m) clear at kerb level.
6.1(a)
Cross fall Where a footpath or ramp is crowned or banked, it falls across no more steeply than 1 in 50.
6.1(b), Figure 10
Bollards The gaps between them let wheelchairs, and people with guide dogs, through.
6.1(c), 13.2.5
Barriers A barrier stands at the edge, to F4/AS1.
6.1(e), F4/AS1
Surfaces Footpaths, ramps and landings are slip resistant, with a texture everyone can use; loose gravel and clay are not acceptable.
6.1(f), 4.6
Pavers Pavers have flat tops, except where they are tactile indicators, and are laid butted on a firm base.
6.1(g)
Edges The ground beside a footpath is as close to flush with it as it can be, unless an upstand or barrier rail edges the path.
6.2.1
Rest areas Level rest areas at least 1200 mm (1.2 m) long come no more than 18 m apart.
6.1(d), 6.2.2, 6.5
Moving walkway It meets D2/AS3, is no steeper than 1 in 10, runs no faster than 0.75 m/s, has treads 900–1200 mm (0.9–1.2 m) wide and handrails both sides moving with it, and runs at least 1200 mm (1.2 m) into its landings, its handrails 300 mm further.
6.3, D2/AS3
Another way A lift or stairs are there as well.
6.3.2
Ramp or path A footpath steeper than 1 in 20 is designed as a ramp, to 6.4.
6.2.3, 6.4
Level access first Level access has been weighed before a ramp, and a portable ramp is not the alternative to a permanent one.
6.4.1
Approach The approach to a ramp is level, with room to see and to turn a wheelchair; Figure 13 draws 1200 mm (1.2 m) clear at its foot.
6.4.2.1, Figure 13
Gradient A ramp is no steeper than 1 in 12; kerb and step ramps have limits of their own.
6.4.2.2, Figure 11
Where the gradient changes Changes of gradient, at the foot and head of a ramp and between, are marked by contrast in colour and texture.
6.4.2.3
Width A ramp's tread is at least 1200 mm (1.2 m) wide.
6.4.2.4
Edge An open side has either an upstand at least 75 mm high or an edge rail with its underside no more than 75 mm above the ramp, and a safety rail midway between that and the handrail.
6.4.2.5, 6.4.2.5.1, 6.4.2.5.2, 6.4.2.5.3, Figure 12
Handrails Both sides have handrails 840–900 mm high, continuous round landings except at doorways, made to Appendix F, with 100 mm clear above them as Figure 13 draws; kerb and step ramps excepted.
6.4.2.6, 8.6.3, Figure 13, Appendix F
Landings Level landings at the top and bottom, at every change of direction, wherever a door opens off the ramp, and at least every 9000 mm (9 m) of run.
6.5.1, 6.1(d), Figure 11
Landing size Every landing is at least 1200 mm (1.2 m) in each direction.
6.5.2
Open sides Handrails 840–900 mm high on every open side of a landing; Figure 13 also draws a kerb at least 75 mm high along it.
6.5.3, Figure 12, Figure 13
Door opening towards the ramp The landing takes the door's swing, with 100 mm beside the leaf and 1200 mm (1.2 m) clear beyond the swing, as Figure 14 draws it.
6.5.4(a), Figure 14
Door opening away The landing in front of the door is 1500 mm (1.5 m) long and at least 1200 mm (1.2 m) wide, as Figure 15 draws it.
6.5.4(b), Figure 15
Joins Where a ramp meets a path, another ramp, a landing, a driveway or parking, level and cross fall change without a jolt.
6.6.1
Step ramps A step ramp follows the kerb ramp rules of 13.4: no steeper than 1 in 8 and no longer than 1520 mm (1.52 m). Figure 16 draws it rising no more than 190 mm to a level top at least 1200 mm (1.2 m) long, and meeting the lower surface at 170° or more.
6.6.2, 13.4, Figure 16

Entrances, corridors, doorways and doors

Main entrance The accessible route reaches the main entrance directly, or the space inside that it serves.
7.1.1
Other accessible entrances Accessible entrances other than the main entrance have signs.
7.1.2
Level or ramped An accessible entrance has a level threshold, or is reached up an incline or ramp of a suitable gradient.
7.1.3
At the main entrance A level space at least 1200 × 1200 mm (1.2 m) inside and outside the door, lighting that makes the entrance stand out, and no threshold wherever that can be done.
7.1.3(a), 7.1.3(b), 7.1.3(e), Figure 14, Figure 15
Automatic doors The door stays open at least 5 seconds, or longer if someone needs longer to get through; its moving edges carry a strongly contrasting strip; and it opens for people approaching at a shallow angle.
7.1.3(c), 7.1.3(d)
Thresholds Accessible entrances to the building, and to rooms in it, have level thresholds.
7.1.4
A small step A step of 20 mm or less needs no ramp, but has a strongly contrasting strip that can be seen from either side.
7.1.4, 7.1.4.1
A larger step A step of more than 20 mm has a ramp no steeper than 1 in 8, with a going of no more than 450 mm.
7.1.4.2, Figure 17
Side door A hinged or sliding door beside it gives the accessible way in, signed as such and unlocked while the building is in use.
7.1.5.1, Figure 18, 4.10.4.1
Side panel A panel at least 300 mm wide stands between the side door and the wall.
7.1.5.2, Figure 18
Corridors Corridors on an accessible route are at least 1200 mm (1.2 m) wide.
7.2.1
Lobbies Between the two doorways there is at least 1200 mm (1.2 m), plus the leaf of any door that opens into the space.
7.2.2, Figure 19
Clear opening A doorway gives at least 760 mm clear with the door open, in a corridor wall as elsewhere.
7.3.1, 7.3.4.1, Figure 20
Double doors At least one leaf gives 760 mm clear on its own.
7.3.1.1
Door glazing Glazing in doors meets NZS 4223.3 for human impact.
7.3.2, NZS 4223.3
Doors that swing both ways They are glazed so people on either side can see each other.
7.3.2(a)
Glass that looks open It is marked as NZS 4223.3 requires.
7.3.2(b), NZS 4223.3
Vision panels Glazing in a door on an accessible route is at least what Figure 21 draws: a panel at least 150 mm wide, its bottom at least 500 mm above the floor as labelled, its top at least 1800 mm (1.8 m), and its edge no more than 200 mm from the door's closing edge. In hospitals, childcare centres and the like, the lower dimension may vary.
7.3.2(c), Figure 21
Door into an enclosed space At least 300 mm of clear wall beside the door, on the handle side.
7.3.3, Figure 19
Recessed doorways A doorway recessed more than 600 mm deep is treated as one across a corridor.
7.3.4.2
Doors that stand out Doors contrast clearly in colour with what is around them, as 4.10.4 sets out.
7.3.4.3, 4.10.4
Opening force Opening a door other than a fire door takes no more than 38 N for an exterior hinged door, 22 N for an interior hinged door, and 22 N for a sliding or folding one.
7.3.5
Handles Handles are 900–1200 mm (0.9–1.2 m) above the floor; handles that work locks and latches are levers with the end turned back to the door; and a door opens with the least pressure its use allows, within 7.3.5.
7.3.7(a), 7.3.7(b), 7.3.7(c)

Stairs

Which stair, how it is laid out, how it is built, and its handrails.

An accessible stair At least one accessible stair opens off an accessible route, whether there are lifts or not; it is neither a spiral stair nor one with open risers.
1.5.1, 8.1.1
What a stair needs Steps that can be seen, treads big enough to stand on, handrails in reach, landings of a sensible size, short flights, cues to see and feel at the top and bottom and on the nosings, and light without glare.
Section 8, 8.1.2, Figure 22
Single steps There are no single steps.
8.2
Flights A flight rises no more than 2500 mm (2.5 m).
8.3.2, Figure 23
Wall returns The top nosing is at least 300 mm from where the wall returns, and the bottom riser at least 300 mm plus a tread.
8.3.3, Figure 22
Corridors The top or bottom step doesn't narrow a corridor on an accessible route or an escape route; where it does reach into one, a barrier guards it, or a return wall marked by a change of floor texture.
8.3.4
Doors at the stair No door opens across the top of a flight or swings over its top or bottom step, unless 400 mm stays clear between the open door and the step.
8.3.5, Figure 24
Landings Landings, mid-flight ones included, are at least 1200 mm (1.2 m) long.
8.3.6.1
Width At least 900 mm between handrails.
8.4.1, Figure 22
Steps Risers and treads are the same throughout a flight: risers no higher than 180 mm, treads at least 310 mm.
8.4.2(a), 8.4.2(b), Figure 25
Nosings Nosings are rounded and project no more than 25 mm.
8.4.3, Figure 25
Head and foot A change of surface, in a strongly contrasting colour, at the head and foot of the flight.
8.5.1, Figure 22
Sound The stairwell sounds different from its surroundings, so it can be found by ear, its head above all.
8.5.2
Handrails Handrails on both sides, continuous round landings except at doorways.
8.6.1, 8.6.3, Figure 22
Handrail design To Appendix F: continuous, with nothing in the way of the hand, and domed buttons as Figure 23 draws.
8.6.2.1, Figure 23, Appendix F
Handrails that can be seen Handrails contrast with what is behind them.
8.6.2.2, 4.10
Handrail ends No end sticks out to catch anyone: ends turn down 100 mm or return fully to the post or wall.
8.6.2.3
Handrail position Parallel to the whole pitch line, 50–60 mm clear of the wall and 100 mm clear above, and 900–1000 mm (0.9–1 m) above the nosings.
8.6.4.1, 8.6.4.2, 8.6.4.3, Figure 23
Extensions Level extensions past the ends of the pitch line: at least 300 mm at the top, 300 mm plus one going at the bottom.
8.6.5.1, Figure 23
Projection Handrails don't reach into anyone's path, except that a centre handrail may run into a landing by one going.
8.6.5.2, Figure 22
Fixing Fixed firmly and rigid, bearing 110 kg, with nothing on the fixings to stop the hand.
8.6.6, Appendix F

Toilet and shower facilities

On an accessible route Every accessible toilet facility sits on an accessible route.
10.1, 4.2.1
On the entry level There is an accessible toilet facility on the main entry level.
10.2.1
Through the rest of the building More accessible toilets are spread evenly through the upper and lower floors. The standard also allows a different reading: one accessible toilet wherever toilets are provided at all.
10.2.1
The way there The route to an accessible toilet stays inside one tenancy and passes through nobody else's.
10.2.2
Signposted Accessible toilet facilities are signposted, to the sign rules of Section 4.
10.3, 4.8
How many, and who may reach them The number of accessible toilets and showers follows G1/AS1. At least one accessible unit is all gender, and someone can get to it without crossing a space set aside for one gender.
10.4, 10.5.3
Room to turn and transfer An accessible toilet has room for a wheelchair user to reach and use every fixture, to transfer onto the pan from the side, to come at it from the front, and to use a commode.
10.5.2, 10.5.4
The compartment An accessible toilet unit is at least 1900 mm (1.9 m) by 1600 mm (1.6 m).
10.5.4, Figure 27
The toilet door Every door to a toilet facility has a bolt that shows whether it is engaged and can be worked by someone with limited hand movement, can be opened from outside in an emergency, and carries a pull rail and a kick plate.
10.5.5, Figure 28
Left hand and right hand At least one unit has the pan on the opposite hand to the others, so a person who transfers to one side is served as well as a person who transfers to the other.
10.5.6, 3.3.2
Where the pan sits The front of the seat stands 700 to 750 mm off the back wall and its centreline 450 mm off the nearest side wall. Nothing at the side or the back of the pan gets in the way of a commode, and the front of the seat is at least 300 mm clear of the basin.
10.5.6.1, Figure 27
The lid as a backrest The lid is held between 10 and 15 degrees past upright, so it supports the user's back.
10.5.6.1 (f)
Seat height The top of the seat is at 460 mm.
10.5.6.2
A wall hung pan A wall hung pan is fixed to a false wall, which is drawn 1000 mm (1 m) high and no more than 400 mm wide, and everything about where the pan sits still applies.
10.5.6.3, Figure 29
No false wall Without a false wall behind it, the pan takes a seat bracket.
10.5.6.3
The flushing control The flushing control is easy to work and sits in the zone the standard draws, between 600 and 1100 mm (1.1 m) above the floor.
10.5.6.4, Figure 32
Accessible urinals An accessible urinal has no step up to it, at least one stall carries a horizontal grab rail, and the floor in front stays clear for 760 mm across and 1200 mm (1.2 m) out.
10.5.7
The washbasin A standard basin is no deeper than 400 mm and complies with AS/NZS 1730. Its centreline stands at least 400 mm off a return wall, there is at least 675 mm clear underneath, and the supply pipes, waste and any exposed hot pipe are kept out of that space or covered. The floor in front stays clear for 760 mm across and 1200 mm (1.2 m) out, and the basin's nearest edge is at least 300 mm from the front of the pan.
10.5.8.1, Figure 27, Figure 30
The water The basin is fed with mixed water through one outlet, no hotter than 55 degrees at the outlet, with every control standing 50 to 60 mm clear of anything around it, and a plug attached to or part of the basin.
10.5.8.2, G12/AS1
Taps Taps have lever or capstan handles someone with limited hand function can work, and the hot tap is on the left of the cold one.
10.5.8.2(d)
Grab rails Grab rails meet Appendix F and go where the standard draws them, on the door and in the room: the rail beside the pan is drawn at 700 mm above the floor with legs of 750 mm, reaching 150 to 250 mm past the front of the pan.
10.5.9, 10.5.9.1, Appendix F, Figure 28, Figure 31
The fittings The facility carries the fittings the standard calls for, and each is simple and can be worked with one hand.
10.5.10, 10.5.10.1
Where the fittings go Fixed rails, the paper holder and the rest go where the standard draws them. The paper dispenser and the sanitary waste bin are within reach of someone on the pan, and soap dispensers, sanitary disposal units and hand dryers are fixed between 900 and 1200 mm (1.2 m) above the floor without standing in the space a wheelchair needs to turn.
10.5.10.2, Figure 31
A mirror The bottom edge of the mirror is no higher than 1000 mm (1 m) above the floor.
10.5.10.2(c)
Seeing the fittings Every fitting contrasts visually with what is behind it.
10.5.10.3, 4.10
An accessible shower Where showers are required, one of them is a wet area shower for people with disabilities. It can stand alone or be part of a combined toilet and shower.
10.5.11
Showers of each hand At least one cubicle has its seat and its controls on the opposite hand to the others.
10.5.11, 3.3.2
The shower and its drying space The shower is drawn 1000 mm (1 m) by 1200 mm (1.2 m), with a drying space of 1800 mm (1.8 m) each way beside it.
10.5.11.1, Figure 33
Dressing in the drying space A drying space used for dressing is separated from the shower itself.
10.5.11.2
Low partitions A wall or partition under 1800 mm (1.8 m) high around the shower is strong enough to take the impact of someone falling against it, and to carry grab rails to Appendix F.
10.5.11.2, Appendix F
The shower floor The floor runs on from the shower with no step, falls at least 1 in 50 to a waste in the corner the walls make, and every surface inside the cubicle is impervious and slip resistant.
10.5.11.3, Figure 35
Drainage at the edge Drainage runs between the shower and the drying space, or a floor level guide for a door, partition or curtain sits flush with the floor.
10.5.11.3(c)
Shower fittings Rails, soap holders and controls go where the standard draws them. The head is hand held on a flexible hose and can be fixed at any angle between 1000 and 1900 mm (1.9 m) above the floor, the mixer is lever operated, and the water is no hotter than 55 degrees. A folding slip resistant seat at least 800 mm by 450 mm is fixed to the wall between 450 and 550 mm above the floor, and a clothes hook goes between 1200 and 1350 mm (1.35 m) above the floor in the drying space.
10.5.11.4, Figure 34, Appendix F, G12/AS1
Toilet, basin and shower in one room Where the three are combined the room is drawn 2100 mm (2.1 m) by 1900 mm (1.9 m).
10.5.12, Figure 35
Baths A bath, or a bath with a shower over it, is never the accessible shower. It can only be provided as well.
10.5.13

Handrails and grab rails

Normative: every handrail and grab rail the standard asks for, on a ramp, a stair or in a toilet.

Continuous A handrail runs the full length of a ramp or stair, broken only at doorways off a landing, and nothing on it stops the hand.
F3.1.1, F3.1.3
Grip Rounded, 32–45 mm across, and easy to grip firmly.
F3.1.2, Figure F1
End button A domed button 150 mm from the end warns that the rail is about to stop.
F3.1.4, Figure 23
Clearance Clear of the wall by 50–60 mm along its whole length.
F4.1
Past the ends The rail runs at least 300 mm past the start and finish of a stair or ramp.
F4.2.1
Height At the heights 6.4.2.6 and 8.6 set.
F4.2.2, 6.4.2.6, 8.6
Grab rails Round, 30–40 mm across, gripped by the whole hand, and non-slip where they are held.
F5.1, F5.2, Figure F2
Grab rail clearance At least 50 mm clear of the wall along its length.
F6.1
Strength Every rail and its fixings take 1100 N in any direction at any point for 2 minutes, with no fixing failing, deflecting no more than 5 mm, and set no more than 1 mm once the force is gone.
F7

Terminology

The words the requirements lean on, as NZS 4121 defines them, said in our words.

Accessible1.5.1: Having features that let people with disabilities use it.
Accessible route1.5.1: A route people with disabilities can use: continuous, and usable without help by someone in a wheelchair, with a walking aid or with a guide dog, running from the street boundary and the car park to every space in the building that has to be accessible.
Accessible stairway1.5.1: A stairway with features people with disabilities can use. A building that has to be accessible has at least one, leading off an accessible route, lift or no lift.
Accessway1.5.1: A continuous accessible way to and between buildings, along footpaths and across roads, reaching all the facilities; it may include footpaths, ramps and stairs.
All-gender1.5.1: Open to anyone, with no distinction by gender.
Approachability, accessibility, usability3.2.1, Figure 1: The three principles the whole design applies: getting to the building, getting in and around it, and using what is there.
Building1.5.1: As the Building Act defines it.
Circulation space1.5.1: The clear floor area needed to move into and around a building and its fittings, clear to at least 2000 mm (2 m) high unless a clause says otherwise.
Constant contact technique1.5.1: Using a white cane by keeping its tip on the ground and sweeping it from side to side across the body's width.
Council1.5.1: A territorial authority under the Local Government Act.
Cue1.5.1: Something felt, heard, seen or smelt that helps a person with a vision impairment tell where they are or which way to go; some, like a change in the slope of the floor, are sensed through the body.
Going1.5.1: Of a step, the distance across from one nosing to the next; of a stair or a ramp, the whole horizontal distance it covers.
Grab rail1.5.1: A rail to steady someone, or take their whole weight, while they change position.
Gross floor area1.5.1: A floor's area on plan measured over the outside of its walls: the measure 9.1.3's lift test uses.
Handrail1.5.1: A rail along corridors, ramps and stairs that helps someone keep moving.
International Symbol of Access1.5.1, Appendix E: The wheelchair symbol, set out as Appendix E draws it.
Kerb1.5.1: The raised edge along the side of a trafficable surface.
Kerb ramp1.5.1: A short ramp, cut into a kerb or built up to it, no longer than 1520 mm (1.52 m) and no steeper than 1 in 8.
Landing1.5.1: A flat or crowned surface to rest on, on a ramp, stair or walkway, falling no more than 1 in 50.
Landmark1.5.1: A cue that is easy to recognise and sits in a known, fixed place.
Main entrance1.5.1: The entrance visitors and staff use as a matter of course.
Mobility1.5.1: Moving about in the built environment.
Nosing1.5.1: The rounded front edge of a stair tread.
Orientation1.5.1: Keeping track of where one is, by the senses and the known layout of a place, so as to move with purpose.
People with disabilities1.5.1: People whose ability to move freely or to use buildings is affected by a mental, physical, hearing or sight impairment. Among them are people who cannot walk, or walk with difficulty or with aids, people with low or no sight or with hearing loss, and people who have trouble with coordination, reach, grip, stamina, taking in what their senses tell them, or learning, or who are very large or very small.
People with visual impairment1.5.1: People who are totally blind, blind with some light perception, or who have low vision affected in any of many ways.
Places of assembly1.5.1: Theatres, cinemas and public halls, and any building or part used or meant for 250 or more people gathering, seated or standing.
Ramp1.5.1: An accessible route sloping more steeply than 1 in 20 but no more steeply than 1 in 12; 1 in 14 is the gradient to aim for, since many people struggle on steeper ones.
Shoreline1.5.1: A continuous edge someone with a vision impairment can follow by touch along their line of travel, a wall or a grass edge beside a path.
Sign functions4.8.2: What a sign does: tells people a facility or service is there, directs them to it, or marks where it is.
Slip resistant1.5.1: A walking surface whose coefficient of friction, in any normal use, is at least 0.4 plus 0.0125 for each per cent of its slope.
Squaring off1.5.1: Lining the body up against an object to fix a position and a straight line of travel, as many people with a vision impairment do before crossing an open space.
Step ramp1.5.1: A short ramp in place of a step, other than at a kerb, no longer than 1520 mm (1.52 m) and no steeper than 1 in 8.
Support rail1.5.1: A rail that steadies someone.
Toilet unit1.5.1: A fully enclosed room within a toilet facility, holding a WC, a basin and perhaps more.
Touch technique1.5.1: Using a white cane by tapping the ground where the next step will fall.
Walkway1.5.1: An accessway no steeper than 1 in 20.
Upstand6.4.2.5.1, Figure 12: A kerb along the open side of a ramp that stops a wheel running off.
Edge rail6.4.2.5.2, Figure 12: A rail low along the open side of a ramp, doing an upstand's job.
Safety rail6.4.2.5.3, Figure 12: A rail midway between a ramp's edge and its handrail, so nobody slips under the handrail.
Pitch8.3.1, Figure 23: The angle of a flight: between the horizontal and the pitch line, the line through its nosings.

Reading NZS 4121

Why the standard says what it says, where it leaves a gap, and where it parts from the Building Act and the Building Code's own documents. None of it prints.

General and performance

An acceptable solution by statuteBuilding Act 2004 s118, s119(2), s19(1)(b): NZS 4121 is an acceptable solution because the Building Act says so: section 119 takes it as one for the requirements of people with disabilities, which section 118 sets as access, parking and sanitary facilities in buildings the public are admitted to. A building consent authority must accept compliance with an acceptable solution as establishing compliance with the Code, so following the standard is one way to comply, beside MBIE's own documents.
Why the 2001 editionBuilding Act 2004 s119(1), s119(3), s119(4), 1.4.2: Section 119 adopts the standard as it stood when that section came into force, which makes it the 2001 edition. A later edition would need an Order in Council, and the Minister must decide, within a set time of its publication, whether to recommend one. The Act still names the standard by an older title, and the standard still cites the 1991 Act it was written under.
Which buildings1.1.2, Building Act 2004 Schedule 2, 3.3.1(c): The standard applies to the kinds of building the Act lists, now Schedule 2 of the Building Act 2004: public buildings of nearly every sort, accommodation for the public, and any building the public are admitted to. Factories come in only where more than 10 people work; a smaller one the public enter is caught by the list's last item all the same.
Where the Code stopsClause D1.3.2, limits on application, Clause G1.3.4, limits on application: The Building Code's own clauses leave out housing, outbuildings, backcountry huts, ancillary buildings and small industrial buildings, the same line Schedule 2 draws for factories.
Alterations and change of useBuilding Act 2004 s112(1), s112(2), s115(b), s67(3), 3.1.2: After an alteration, a building must meet the Code's provisions for access as nearly as is reasonably practicable, and after a change of use the same, among others. A council cannot grant a consent that waives or modifies them, though it may let an alteration fall short where the work would not otherwise happen and what it improves for escape or access outweighs the shortfall. Appendix C's own test, only where nothing else will do, is the standard's.
More than the Code, in places1.2, 2.3.2: The standard says some of its requirements go further than the Building Code and its acceptable solutions, and that it also recommends better practice beyond the minimum. A design that relies on it takes on its requirements, not its recommendations.
Each sends you to the otherD1/AS1 10.1.1 COMMENT, D1/AS1 12.0.2, G1/AS1 4.2.7, G5/AS1 3.0.1, 4.5.6, 4.6.1, 10.4: D1/AS1 sends accessible parking and the lift test by floor area here; G1/AS1 accepts Section 10 for accessible toilets; G5/AS1 takes activity space from it. The standard sends projections and slip resistance to D1/AS1, and the number of accessible toilets to G1/AS1. Whichever you follow, you read parts of the other.
How it reads1.5.2: 'Shall' is required and 'should' is advice, and a clause numbered with a C is comment the standard can be met without. So this page lists only the shalls as requirements; the rest is here.
The appendices1.5.2, Appendices A–H: Appendices C, E and F are normative, part of the standard. A, B, D, G and H are informative, guidance only, so on this page their content is reading, or data a tool uses, and never a requirement.
Written for adults1.1.4, AS 1428.3: The standard is written for adults. Design for children, a childcare centre say, is left to AS 1428.3.
Who it serves2.2.2: The standard puts people with some disabling condition at no fewer than 20% of the population at any one time.
Two definitionsBuilding Act 2004 s7, 1.5.1: The Building Act's person with a disability is wider than the standard's list: any impairment that limits everyday life, mental illness included, with no threshold of how much.
Written under the 1991 Act1.4, Appendix A, Appendix B: The standard cites the Building Act 1991, whose s47A is now s118 to s120 of the Building Act 2004, and standards that have since moved on: NZS 4512:1997 has become NZS 4512:2021, AS 1428.4 has become AS/NZS 1428.4.1, and AS/NZS 3661 has given way to AS 4586. Appendices A and B describe the law and the Code as they stood then.
Pointers that miss1.4.4, 1.4.5.2, 1.5.1: Section 1 sends the Resource Management Act to A5, which is the Human Rights Act (A6 is the RMA), and the fire evacuation rules to A6 rather than A7; the definition of a building sends you to an Appendix A that does not quote s3 of the Act.
A ramp that leaves out its own kinds1.5.1: The definition of a ramp stops at 1 in 12, yet kerb ramps and step ramps are called short ramps at 1 in 8.

Design for access and mobility

Appendix C3.1.2, C3.1.2, Appendix C, Building Act 2004 s112(1): Appendix C is labelled normative, yet 3.1.2 calls its solutions suggestions: acceptable only where nothing else brings an existing building into compliance, and allowed at a cost to the people who use it. That is the standard's test. The Act's, for an alteration, is as nearly as is reasonably practicable.
Primary schools3.3.1(b)(iv): In a primary school, pan and fitting heights in toilet compartments may differ from the standard's to suit young children with disabilities: a permission, not a requirement.
Beside G1/AS13.3.1(b)(iii), G1/AS1 Table 2: Where a school provides showers, G1/AS1 Table 2 asks for at least one accessible shower compartment; the standard asks for one per gender, or one serving all genders.
Maximums that are minimums3.3.1, 3.4: 3.3.1 opens by calling the standard's requirements maximums. They are minimums, as 3.4 says of its dimensions.
Space and reach3.4, C3.4, 3.5, Appendix D: 3.4 and 3.5 send space, reach and wheelchair sizes to Appendix D, which is informative, so its figures are guidance except where a clause pulls one in. The commentary adds that more room usually means easier use.
Symbols3.6, Building Act 2004 s120, F8/AS1 6.2, F8/AS1 6.3: The Act requires the access symbols outside a building made accessible. The standard adds that the access symbol and the deafness symbol belong inside too, where the facilities are, but without a shall. F8/AS1 carries the enforceable version: 6.2 for signs with the access symbol, 6.3 for the deafness symbol at a room with a listening system.

Accessible routes

Two definitions of the route1.5.1, D1/AS1 Definitions: The standard's accessible route runs from the street boundary and the car park, and must serve people with walking aids and guide dogs as well as wheelchair users. The Building Code's definition, as D1/AS1 reproduces it, says street boundary or car park, and names wheelchair users.
Stairs on a step-free route4.2.3: 4.2.3 counts stairs as part of the accessible route, then says the route has no step for people who cannot walk: the stair is for people who can, and the step-free way for everyone.
When the ground will not allow it4.2.2, Building Act 2004 s67(3): 4.2.2 lets another solution be approved where the ground will not allow a full route. That is an approval to seek, not an answer to give here: a council cannot waive or modify access requirements in a consent, so such a design has to show it meets the Building Code as an alternative solution.
Plant roomsC4.2: No accessible route is needed to plant rooms, pumping-station shafts and the like.
Two lengths for a kerb ramp1.5.1, 13.4.3.1(b): The definition caps a kerb ramp at 1520 mm (1.52 m), and 13.4.3.1(b) caps it at 1500 mm (1.5 m). One no longer than 1500 mm (1.5 m) meets both, and the Car parks face uses that.
Keeping it clearC4.5.3: Shops, libraries and cafés often block the route with displays and furniture; keeping it clear is the occupier's job, every day.
Awnings: two headrooms4.5.5, 13.2.2, 4.5.2, D1/AS1 Table 1: 4.5.5 sends hanging signs, lights and awnings to 13.2, which asks 2000 mm (2 m) under them; 4.5.2 and D1/AS1 ask 2100 mm (2.1 m) over a long route. Over an accessible route, 2100 mm (2.1 m) meets both.
Projections4.5.6, D1/AS1 1.5: Projections into the route are left to D1/AS1, which sorts them into minor, major and dangerous.
Two measures of slip1.5.1, 4.6.1, C4.6.1, D1/AS1 2.1: The definition of slip resistant is a friction coefficient of at least 0.4 plus 0.0125 for each per cent of slope, written for AS/NZS 3661, which the commentary says has been superseded. 4.6.1 sends slip resistance to D1/AS1, and that is the requirement this page states.
Direction indicators4.7, C4.7, 13.4.5, C13.4.5.2: 4.7 asks for direction indicators as the standard sets them out, and it sets out tactile indicators only at kerb ramps. The commentary lists tactile tiles, raised lettering, Braille, and changes of surface that sound different underfoot.
Sign height, two ways4.8.2.3, F8/AS1 6.2(d): The standard measures its 1400–1700 mm (1.4–1.7 m) band to the lower edge of the sign plate; F8/AS1 gives the same band and no datum. A plate sitting wholly inside the band meets both.
The access symbol on every sign4.8.2.2, F8/AS1 6.3: 4.8.2.2 puts the access symbol on every sign, the one at a room with a listening system included; F8/AS1 6.3 gives that room the deafness symbol instead, and does not ask for the access symbol.
Letter heights4.8.2.4, C4.8.2.4, F8/AS1 Table 4: The standard asks only that lettering be clear and legible, and its commentary names typefaces. Letter heights by viewing distance are F8/AS1's.
Figure 54.9, Figure 5: 4.9 points to Figure 5 for a comfortable viewing zone, with no shall. The distance the figure labels does not fit its own heights and angles; it is informative, and nothing here rests on it.
Lighting levels4.10.3, C4.10.3: 4.10.3 sets no level of its own: it takes NZS 6703's recommendations, which its commentary says are superseded in part by AS/NZS 1680. NZS 6703 is not in this library, so no level is stated here.
Doors, beside D1/AS14.10.4.1, D1/AS1 7.0.4: D1/AS1 7.0.4 asks an accessible door to contrast with its surroundings. The standard asks for three contrasts: door furniture against the door, frame or door against the wall, and door against the floor.
Treads, beside D1/AS14.10.5.1, D1/AS1 4.1.7: D1/AS1 4.1.7 asks for contrasting nosings on accessible stairways. The standard asks for tread and riser to contrast on every step of every flight.
Doors on escape routes4.11.2, C/AS2 3.9.1.7: C/AS2 3.9.1.7 lets an escape-route door take two hands to set moving; 4.11.2 asks that doors open with one hand.
Recommended, not requiredC4.11.3, 4.11.4(a), C4.11.4, 4.11.5(b): The commentary recommends window controls at 1000 mm (1 m) and push pads 20 mm wide, and 4.11.5(b) calls 1000 mm (1 m) the best height for a card reader. 4.11.4(a) words its switch band as an optimum inside a shall; this page reads the band as the requirement.
Where the socket rule reaches4.11.1, 4.11.4(c): 4.11.1 sets these rules for controls along accessible routes and in usable spaces. Within 500 mm of a bench front rules out a socket at the back of a deep bench.
Visual alarms, beside C/AS2 and NZS 45124.12, C/AS2 C.2.5.1, C/AS2 C.2.6.1, NZS 4512:2021 4.6.4.1: 4.12 makes a visual alerting device part of every fire alarm system. C/AS2 never asks for one: the two alerting devices it names are audible. NZS 4512:2021 fits visual devices only where the design's declared functional requirements call for them. The visual device is the standard's own requirement, and a design that relies on NZS 4121 for its accessible route takes it on.

Car parks

More than the minimumC5.4: The commentary advises medical centres, entertainment venues and large shops to provide more accessible spaces than the table asks.
Which car parks countTable 1: Table 1 counts car parks without saying whose: the site's, one car park's, or staff spaces as well.
Handed over by D1/AS1D1/AS1 10.1.1, 10.1.1 COMMENT: D1/AS1 10.1.1 makes AS/NZS 2890.1 the acceptable solution for car parks and their circulation, and its comment sends accessible parking to this standard's Section 5.
Why the widthC5.5.1.1: The width keeps the car and the wheelchair on one level while someone moves from one to the other.
Two spaces, one stripFigure 7, 5.5.1.1: Figure 7 lets two accessible spaces share one hatched strip at least 1100 mm (1.1 m) wide, each space's 3500 mm (3.5 m) measured across it, so the pair takes 5900 mm (5.9 m) rather than twice 3500 mm (3.5 m). It also draws a 1500 mm (1.5 m) turning circle beside a single space, at its kerb ramp.
Parallel spaces5.5.1.3: 5.5.1.3 lets a marked footpath at the same level count toward a parallel space; nothing in the standard sizes a parallel accessible space.
Why so highC5.5.3, 4.5.2: A hoist lifts the wheelchair to its full height, above the roof rack, before laying it flat, which is why a parking building needs 2500 mm (2.5 m) where a route needs 2100 mm (2.1 m).
Figure 8 and its words5.5.3, Figure 8: In 5.5.3's words the headroom runs to a point at least 2160 mm (2.16 m) back from the space's front; Figure 8 marks the lower front zone as 2160 mm (2.16 m) at most. Read as the figure draws it, the front 2160 mm (2.16 m) may drop, and a design that keeps the drop to that meets both.
DrivewaysC5.7.4, 6.1(b): The commentary suggests driveways can double as ramps, and warns that cross fall can lift one wheel of a wheelchair off the ground.
CoverC5.8: Transfers take time; the commentary advises covered parking, or a drop-off with room for two vehicles.

Footpaths, ramps and landings

Bollards that can be seen6.1(c): 6.1(c) advises that bollards contrast with their background, for people with low vision; it is advice, not a requirement.
Barrier heights, restated6.1(e), C6.4.2.6, C6.5.3, F4/AS1 Table 1: 6.1(e) says F4/AS1 means 900 mm above a ramp and 1000 mm (1 m) above footpaths and landings, and its commentary gives 900 mm at a landing. F4/AS1 Table 1 now asks, outside housing, 900 mm at stairs and ramps and 1100 mm (1.1 m) everywhere else. The requirement is F4/AS1's, so its current table decides.
Moving walkways6.3.1, C6.3.1, C6.3.2, 6.3.7: 6.3 sends accessible moving walkways to D2/AS3, which rests on a European standard. D2/AS3 is not in this library, so the figures here are NZS 4121's alone. The commentary recommends 1 in 14, and no rest areas are needed on the walkway itself.
Curved ramps6.4.1, C6.4.1: 6.4.1 advises against counting a curved or circular ramp as part of the accessible route; where one is built, its commentary asks that gradient, radius and width be worked out together.
Flatter, and longer landingsC6.4.2.2, C6.5.2, Figure 11: The commentary asks for 1 in 14 wherever it can be done, and landings 1500 mm (1.5 m) long where there is room: enough for a wheelchair to turn right round and go back down.
Figure 14's doorFigure 14: Figure 14 draws 2100 mm (2.1 m) in front of a door in the landing's end: 100 mm, the door's swing, and 1200 mm (1.2 m) beyond it. That leaves room for a leaf of about 800 mm, by our arithmetic, so a wider leaf needs a longer landing. For a door in the landing's side the figure draws 2000 mm (2 m).
Two lengths for a step ramp6.6.2, 13.4.3.1(b), Figure 16: 6.6.2 sends a step ramp to the kerb ramp rules, which cap the length at 1500 mm (1.5 m), and gives 1520 mm (1.52 m) in the same sentence. Figure 16's rise of 190 mm is 1520 mm (1.52 m) at 1 in 8. A step ramp no longer than 1500 mm (1.5 m) meets both.

Entrances, corridors, doorways and doors

Every entranceC7.1.1: The commentary would have every entrance usable by people with disabilities: entrances are exits too.
The tallest threshold ramp7.1.4.2, 6.6.2, Figure 16: At 1 in 8 over a going of 450 mm, a threshold ramp rises no more than 56 mm, by our arithmetic. Above that 7.1.4 says nothing; the next device the standard has is a step ramp, which Figure 16 draws up to 190 mm.
Glazing in every door?7.3.2(c), Figure 21, D1/AS1 7.0.4: 7.3.2 is about the glazing doors have, and (c) applies Figure 21 to doors on accessible routes. It can be read as asking every door on the route for a vision panel, or only as sizing the glazing a door has. D1/AS1 7.0.4 asks for glazing only in doors that swing both ways.
A minimum that reads as a maximumFigure 21: Figure 21 labels the bottom of the panel as at least 500 mm above the floor. A vision panel lets someone seated, or a child, be seen, which a limit the other way would serve; that it was meant as a maximum is our reading.
A clause that has moved7.3.2(b), NZS 4223.3:2016 2.2: 7.3.2(b) cites NZS 4223.3's clause 303.1. In NZS 4223.3:2016, making glass visible is 2.2.
Sliding doorsFigure 20: Figure 20 prefers a sliding door with a pull handle, drawn standing more than 120 mm clear of its jamb when open, with the handle more than 45 mm from the jamb. A preference, and our reading of the figure.
Fire and smoke doors7.3.6: 7.3.6 sets no force for fire and smoke doors. It reports what studies found most people with disabilities can manage, and advises hold-open devices where they can be fitted.
Recommended, not requiredC7.3.1, 7.3.7(a): The commentary says a 810 mm leaf gives 760 mm clear on a side-hung door opening square, 860 mm where hinges or hardware narrow it, and recommends 810 mm clear. 7.3.7(a) calls 1000 mm (1 m) the best handle height.

Stairs

Why not spiralC8.1.1: The commentary explains: spiral and open-riser stairs are hard for people prone to dizziness, and people with leg braces, prostheses or crutches need a solid riser.
A clause that reads backwards8.1.2(g): 8.1.2(g), read as written, says lighting that cuts glare is to be avoided; it plainly means glare is.
Why landings are long8.3.6.1: 8.3.6.1 gives the reason for its landing length: room to carry a wheelchair user down in their own chair in an emergency, and for others to pass.
An Act since repealedC8.3.6.1: The commentary cites section 21A of the Fire Service Act for evacuation plans. That Act has since been repealed; evacuation schemes now sit under the Fire and Emergency New Zealand Act 2017.
Where the clear space is measured8.3.5, Figure 24: 8.3.5's words measure 400 mm from the fully open door; Figure 24 measures it from the leading edge of the door as it swings. A door whose swing stays 400 mm clear of the step meets both.
No tolerance, no pitch limit8.4.2(a), 8.3.1, C8.3.1: 8.4.2 asks for risers and treads the same throughout a flight and gives no tolerance, though it says a riser 5 mm out makes a stair less safe. Nor does it cap the pitch: the riser and tread limits set it.
The extension at the foot8.6.5.1, C8.6.5.1, F4.2.1, Figure 13: 8.6.5.1 asks for 300 mm at the top of a stair and 300 mm plus a going at the bottom; F4.2.1 asks for at least 300 mm past both ends; Figure 13 draws 300 mm at the foot of a ramp. On a stair the longer, 300 mm plus a going, meets both.
Kilograms and newtons8.6.6, F7: 8.6.6 gives a handrail's strength as a weight, 110 kg; Appendix F's test is a force, 1100 N, held 2 minutes, with limits on how far the rail may give.

Toilet and shower facilities

The water temperature now10.5.8.2 (b), 10.5.11.4 (e), G12/AS1 6.14.1: The standard refers to G12/AS1 for its 55 degrees at the basin and the shower. G12/AS1 has since lowered it: water for personal hygiene is now no hotter than 50 degrees, and 45 in hospitals, old people's homes, schools, early childhood centres and institutions for people with disabilities, so the lower figure governs.
Each document sends you to the other10.4, G1/AS1 4.2.7: The standard sets how many accessible toilets by pointing at G1/AS1, and G1/AS1 4.2.7 sets how one is designed by pointing back here. Neither is complete on its own, so a design that leans on either has to satisfy both.
Two readings of the upper floors10.2.1: 10.2.1 asks for accessible toilets spread evenly through a multi storey building, then offers an alternative: at least one wherever toilets are provided. Read the second way, a floor with no toilets needs none, which is a much lighter duty than the first. The standard does not say which governs.
The commentary's one unitC10.4, G1/AS1 Table 2: The commentary calls one all gender accessible toilet enough in most buildings under 300 occupants. That is advice, not a requirement, and it can fall short of what G1/AS1 asks for a care building or a camping ground, which is the document the requirement itself points at.
Two figures with no tolerance10.5.6.1 (b), 10.5.6.2: The seat centreline at 450 mm and the seat top at 460 mm are both written as the figure, not as a minimum or a range. Read strictly, a pan set a few millimetres out fails. The standard gives no tolerance and no other clause supplies one.
Which way the door swingsC10.5.5: The commentary prefers a toilet door that opens outwards, and says an inward opening one works only with a turning circle of 1500 mm (1.5 m) clear beyond the open leaf. That is the same circle the standard uses elsewhere for a wheelchair, and it is advice rather than a requirement.
Why nothing may sit beside the panC10.5.6.1, 10.5.6.1: The clear side and back to the pan are there so a commode can be wheeled over it. The commentary asks for pans that are not vented or trunked at the side for the same reason.
The shower size is shown, not stated10.5.11.1, Figure 33: 10.5.11.1 says the minimum area is shown in the figure, and never says it shall be. The figure is where the 1000 mm (1 m) by 1200 mm (1.2 m) comes from, so a reader who works only from the words finds no size at all.
The shower seat is given twice10.5.11.4 (f), Figure 35: The words put the seat between 450 and 550 mm above the floor. The figure for the combined room draws it no higher than 540 mm. Keep to 540 mm and both are met.
What the drainage clause asks10.5.11.3(c): The clause can be read as requiring drainage at that edge, or as saying that any drainage there is goes at that edge and nowhere else. The second is the lighter duty and the more natural reading of the words, and the standard does not settle it.
Required here, provided there10.5.11, G1/AS1 4.2: The shower rule starts from showers being required, where G1/AS1 works from showers being provided. A building that puts in showers nobody required is caught by one document and arguably not the other.

Handrails and grab rails

A rail the figure acceptsF3.1.2, Figure F1: Figure F1 also accepts a handrail that is not round, 40–50 mm across, where F3.1.2 caps the size at 45 mm; and it draws the bracket at least 90 mm below the top of a round rail. The larger sizes are the figure's, not the clause's.
Grab rail clearance, twiceF6.1, Figure F2, 9.2.6: F6.1 asks at least 50 mm between a grab rail and the wall; Figure F2 draws 50–60 mm. It draws a lift support rail 30 mm from the wall, which 9.2.6 sets.

D1/AS1 and NZS 4121

Both are acceptable solutions. D1/AS1 is MBIE's; NZS 4121:2001 is one because the Building Act says so (s119). Most figures match. Where they don't, the row has a ≠ and a number, and the list under the table says what's different. A dash means that document doesn't set it.

D1 and NZS 4121 figures side by side
What	D1Clause D1 and D1/AS1	NZS 41212001 edition
Routes
Clear widthD1 2.2.1 · NZS 4.5.3, 7.2.1	1200 mm (1.2 m)	1200 mm (1.2 m); corridors 1200 mm (1.2 m)
HeadroomD1 Table 1 · NZS 4.5.2	2100 mm (2.1 m); 2000 mm (2 m) where it's under 2 m long	2100 mm (2.1 m); 2000 mm (2 m) where it's under 2 m long
Steepest cross fallD1 1.2.2 · NZS 6.1 (b)	1 in 50	1 in 50
Small change of levelD1 1.3.1, 1.3.2 · NZS 7.1.4, 6.6.2	A weather stop up to 20 mm. Anything more is a ramp.	Up to 20 mm needs no ramp. More: a 1 in 8 ramp up to 450 mm long.
Ramps
Steepest rampD1 Table 3 · NZS 6.4.2.2, C6.4.2.2	1 in 12	1 in 12 (1 in 14 recommended)
Ramp widthD1 3.2 · NZS 6.4.2.4	1200 mm (1.2 m)	1200 mm (1.2 m)
Ramp landingsD1 Table 5 · NZS 6.5.1, 6.5.2	Every 750 mm of rise, 1200 mm (1.2 m) long	Every 9000 mm (9 m) of run, at least 1200 mm (1.2 m)
Ramp handrailsD1 6.0.3, 6.0.6 · NZS 6.4.2.6	Both sides when steeper than 1 in 20; 900–1000 mm (0.9–1 m)	Both sides; 840–900 mm
Open side of a rampD1 3.1.3 · NZS 6.4.2.5	75 mm upstand	75 mm upstand or edge rail, plus a middle rail
Kerb rampD1 3.4.1 · NZS 13.4.3.1	1 in 8	1 in 8, up to 1500 mm (1.5 m) long
Accessible stairs
Riser / treadD1 Table 6 · NZS 8.4.2 (b)	180 / 310 mm	180 / 310 mm
Most rise in one flightD1 Table 7 · NZS 8.3.2	2500 mm (2.5 m)	2500 mm (2.5 m)
Width between handrailsD1 4.2.1 · NZS 8.4.1	900 mm	900 mm
Landing lengthD1 4.3.4 · NZS 8.3.6.1	900 mm	1200 mm (1.2 m)
Handrail heightD1 6.0.6 · NZS 8.6.4.3	900–1000 mm (0.9–1 m)	900–1000 mm (0.9–1 m)
Handrail extensionD1 6.0.4 · NZS 8.6.5.1	300 mm at each end	300 mm at the top; 300 mm plus one going at the bottom
Doors
Clear openingD1 7.0.3 · NZS 7.3.1	760 mm	760 mm
Handle heightD1 7.0.5 · NZS 7.3.7 (a)	900–1200 mm (0.9–1.2 m)	900–1200 mm (0.9–1.2 m)
Wall beside the handleD1 7.0.1 · NZS 7.3.3	300 mm	300 mm
Force to openNZS 7.3.5		38 N exterior hinged; 22 N interior; 22 N sliding
Vision panelD1 7.0.4, Figure 28 · NZS 7.3.2 (c), Figure 21	In a door that swings both ways	In a door on an accessible route, to Figure 21
Lifts
When a lift is neededD1 Clause D1.3.4(c), 12.0.1 · NZS 9.1.3	4+ storeys; 3 storeys with 50+ people upstairs; 2 storeys with 40+	4+ storeys. Not needed at 2 storeys under 400 m² upstairs, or 3 storeys under 500 m²
Lift sizeNZS 9.2		1400 × 1400 mm (1.4 m) car, 900 mm door, 1800 mm (1.8 m) clear in front
Parking, seats and rooms
Accessible car parksD1 10.1.1 COMMENT · NZS Table 1	Points to NZS 4121	1 up to 20, 2 up to 50, then 1 more per 50
Accessible park widthNZS 5.5.1.1		3500 mm (3.5 m)
Wheelchair spacesD1 8.1.1 · NZS 12.2.1.1 (a)	2 up to 250 seats, then one more per additional 250 seats	2 up to 250 people, then one more per 250 people or part
Accessible guest roomsD1 Table 9 · NZS Table 2	1 up to 10, 2 up to 25, then 1 more per 25	1 up to 10, 2 up to 25, then 1 more per 25

Where they differ

Ramp handrail heightD1/AS1 · NZS 4121
D1/AS1 wants handrails 900–1000 mm (0.9–1 m) above the pitch line on ramps as well as stairs (Figure 25 is headed for both). NZS 4121 wants ramp handrails at 840–900 mm. Only 900 mm works for both.
6.0.6, Figure 25, NZS 4121 6.4.2.6
When a lift is neededD1/AS1 · NZS 4121
Clause D1 counts people: a lift at 4 storeys or more, at 3 storeys with 50 or more on the two upper floors, and at 2 storeys with 40 or more upstairs. NZS 4121 measures floor area: no lift at 2 storeys if the upper floor is under 400 m², or at 3 storeys if the upper floors are under 500 m², but only if the ground floor meets NZS 4121 in full and people who can walk with difficulty can still get upstairs. D1/AS1 12.0.2 accepts either test, and they can disagree: a small upper floor with a lot of people can need a lift by head count and not by area, and a big quiet one the other way round. NZS 4121 also wants a lift to an upstairs public library or a place of assembly for 250 or more.
Clause D1.3.4(c), 12.0.1, 12.0.2, NZS 4121 9.1.3
How often a ramp needs a landingD1/AS1 · NZS 4121
D1/AS1 counts rise: a landing every 750 mm up. NZS 4121 counts run: a landing every 9000 mm (9 m) along. At 1 in 12 the two land in the same place. On a flatter ramp NZS asks sooner: at 1 in 14 it's every 9000 mm (9 m) of run against D1's 10500 mm (10.5 m). Sloping paths between 1 in 33 and 1 in 20 are footpaths to NZS 4121, with a rest area every 18 m; D1/AS1 still wants a landing every 750 mm of rise, which at 1 in 20 is every 15000 mm (15 m), so D1 asks more there. They swap over at 1 in 24.
Table 5, 3.3.1, NZS 4121 6.5.1, NZS 4121 6.2.2
Stair landing lengthD1/AS1 · NZS 4121
D1/AS1: 900 mm. NZS 4121: 1200 mm (1.2 m), mid-flight landings included, long enough for people to carry someone down the stairs in their wheelchair.
4.3.4, NZS 4121 8.3.6.1
Handrail extension at the bottomD1/AS1 · NZS 4121
D1/AS1: 300 mm past each end. NZS 4121: 300 mm at the top, and at the bottom 300 mm plus one going, so the level part starts at full handrail height. D1's Figure 25 looks as if it draws that extra length too, but 6.0.4 only says 300 mm.
6.0.4, Figure 25, NZS 4121 8.6.5.1
Open side of a rampD1/AS1 · NZS 4121
Both want a 75 mm upstand where a ramp has a drop. NZS 4121 adds a middle rail, at mid-height from the handrail down to the upstand or edge rail, so nobody slides out under the handrail.
3.1.3, NZS 4121 6.4.2.5
Small changes of levelD1/AS1 · NZS 4121
D1/AS1 lets a weather stop up to 20 mm stand. Anything more is a ramp to Section 3, which on an accessible route means 1 in 12; there's no short steep ramp in D1/AS1. NZS 4121 allows a 1 in 8 threshold ramp up to 450 mm long, and a 1 in 8 step ramp up to 1520 mm (1.52 m). So a short 1 in 8 ramp at a door meets NZS 4121 but not D1/AS1.
1.3.1, 1.3.2, Table 3, NZS 4121 7.1.4, NZS 4121 6.6.2
Counting wheelchair spacesD1/AS1 · NZS 4121
D1/AS1: 2 spaces up to 250 seats, then one more for every additional 250. NZS 4121: 2 up to 250 people, then one more for every 250 or part of it. Read as written they part between whole bands: from 251 to 499 seats D1/AS1 asks for 2 and NZS 4121 for 3. D1/AS1 counts seats and NZS 4121 people, so standing room counts too.
8.1.1, NZS 4121 12.2.1.1 (a), NZS 4121 12.2.1.1 (b)
Counting accessible guest roomsD1/AS1 · NZS 4121
Same numbers. NZS 4121 also counts cabins, tent sites and caravan sites, and says what counts as one unit: a motel unit, a hotel room or suite, or a dormitory bedroom.
Table 9, NZS 4121 Table 2, NZS 4121 14.5.1
Which doors need a vision panelD1/AS1 · NZS 4121
D1/AS1 asks for a vision panel only where a door swings both ways. NZS 4121 applies Figure 21's panel to doors on an accessible route: read one way that is every door on the route, read the other it only sizes the glass a glazed door already has. Neither document settles which, so a design that leans on NZS 4121 should say which reading it took.
7.0.4, Figure 28, NZS 4121 7.3.2 (c), NZS 4121 Figure 21

NZS 4121 and G1/AS1

Both are acceptable solutions for the same accessible toilet, and each sends the reader to the other: NZS 4121 10.4 takes the number of facilities from G1/AS1, and G1/AS1 4.2.7 says Section 10 is also an acceptable solution. A design that cites either has taken on both. These are the places they part.

NZS 4121 and G1/AS1 figures side by side
What	NZS 4121Section 10	G1/AS14.2 and Figures 5 to 9
The room
Compartment sizeNZS 10.5.4 · G1/AS1 4.2.2, Figures 5 to 9	1900 × 1600 mm (1.6 m)	No size stated; the layouts in its figures are what it asks for
How manyNZS C10.4 · G1 4.2.1, G1/AS1 Tables 1 and 2	Points to G1/AS1, and asks for one all gender unit	By its own tables; over 300 occupants, accessible facilities at each group of them in the uses it lists
The pan
Back support behind the panNZS Figure 29 · G1 4.2.8, G1/AS1 Figure 7	1000 mm (1 m)	A wall at least 1 m in the text, 900–1000 mm (0.9–1 m) in the figure
Flushing controlNZS Figure 32 · G1 4.2.6	600–1100 mm (0.6–1.1 m)	No higher than 1200 mm (1.2 m), on the centreline or the approach side
Grab rail past the panNZS Figure 31 · G1/AS1 Figure 5	150–250 mm	230 mm
The basin and its fittings
Clear under the basinNZS 10.5.8.1 (b)	675 mm
Basin rim heightG1/AS1 Figure 6		800–850 mm
Soap and towel dispensersNZS 10.5.10.2 (b) · G1/AS1 Figure 7 note	900–1200 mm (0.9–1.2 m)	1000–1200 mm (1–1.2 m)
The shower
Shower floor fallNZS 10.5.11.3 (b) · G1/AS1 Figure 5	At least 1 in 50	At most 1 in 40
Clothes hookNZS 10.5.11.4 (g) · G1/AS1 Figure 8 note	1200–1350 mm (1.2–1.35 m)	1400–1500 mm (1.4–1.5 m)
Shower seatNZS 10.5.11.4 (f) · G1/AS1 Figure 8	800 × 450 mm, folding, 450–550 mm up	Drawn folding, with the same height range
Shower thresholdNZS 10.5.11.3 (b) · G1/AS1 4.2.4	The floor runs on with no step and falls to the waste	A level threshold, stated as its own requirement

Where they differ

The clothes hookNZS 4121 · G1/AS1
NZS 4121 puts the clothes hook 1200–1350 mm (1.2–1.35 m) above the floor. G1/AS1 puts it 1400–1500 mm (1.4–1.5 m). No height meets both, so the drawings have to say which document the drying space follows. It is the only place in this room where nothing satisfies the two.
NZS 10.5.11.4 (g), G1/AS1 Figure 8 note
Which way the shower floor fall is boundedNZS 4121 · G1/AS1
NZS 4121 sets a minimum: at least 1 in 50, or 2% and steeper. G1/AS1 sets a maximum: at most 1 in 40, or 2.5% and shallower. Neither contradicts the other, but a floor only meets both between them, and E3/AS1 asks for the same minimum as NZS 4121. So the useful range is 1 in 40 to 1 in 50.
NZS 10.5.11.3 (b), G1/AS1 Figure 5, E3/AS1 3.3.2.3
G1/AS1 gives the same fall two ways, and one is wrongNZS 4121 · G1/AS1
Figure 5 labels the fall 1 in 40 or 2.5%. Figure 8 labels the same fall 1 in 40 or 25%. One in 40 is 2.5%, so Figure 8's percentage is out by a factor of ten. Read the ratio, which both figures agree on.
G1/AS1 Figure 5, G1/AS1 Figure 8
The wall behind a wall hung panNZS 4121 · G1/AS1
NZS 4121 draws the false wall 1000 mm (1 m) high. G1/AS1 asks for at least 1 m in its words and draws 900–1000 mm (0.9–1 m). 1000 mm (1 m) meets all three.
NZS Figure 29, G1 4.2.8, G1/AS1 Figure 7
How low a dispenser may beNZS 4121 · G1/AS1
NZS 4121 puts soap, towel and disposal fittings 900–1200 mm (0.9–1.2 m) above the floor. G1/AS1's note puts the bottom of a soap or towel dispenser 1000–1200 mm (1–1.2 m). Anything from 1000 to 1200 mm (1.2 m) meets both, and 1000 mm (1 m) is the floor once G1/AS1 applies.
NZS 10.5.10.2 (b), G1/AS1 Figure 7 note
How far the grab rail reaches past the panNZS 4121 · G1/AS1
NZS 4121 draws the rail returning 150–250 mm past the front of the pan. G1/AS1 draws 230 mm, which sits inside that band, so a rail at 230 mm meets both.
NZS Figure 31, G1/AS1 Figure 5
The basin rim, which only G1/AS1 fixesNZS 4121 · G1/AS1
G1/AS1 draws the rim of an accessible basin 800–850 mm above the floor. NZS 4121 fixes no rim height at all; it works from 675 mm clear underneath instead. So a basin set only to NZS 4121 can still fail G1/AS1.
G1/AS1 Figure 6, NZS 10.5.8.1 (b)
Where the flushing control goesNZS 4121 · G1/AS1
NZS 4121 draws a zone on the wall behind the pan, 600–1100 mm (0.6–1.1 m) above the floor. G1/AS1 sets a ceiling of 1200 mm (1.2 m) and says which side it goes on, the centreline or the approach side, which NZS 4121 does not. Below 1200 mm (1.2 m) and inside the zone meets both.
NZS Figure 32, G1 4.2.6

NZS 4121:2001 Design for Access and Mobility

Accessible car parks

Small changes of level

Accessible toilet

Dimensions by facility

NZS 4121 requirements

Design for access and mobility

Accessible routes

Car parks

Footpaths, ramps and landings

Entrances, corridors, doorways and doors

Stairs

Toilet and shower facilities

Handrails and grab rails

NZS 4121 requirements to show on the drawings

Show on the drawings

Site plan

Floor plans

Sections and elevations

Schedules

Specification

Terminology

Reading NZS 4121

General and performance

Design for access and mobility

Accessible routes

Car parks

Footpaths, ramps and landings

Entrances, corridors, doorways and doors

Stairs

Toilet and shower facilities

Handrails and grab rails

D1/AS1 and NZS 4121

NZS 4121 and G1/AS1

Resources